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to increase the load on the tool and to improve
metal removal rates. In addition, this cost effective
innovation ensured the simple and economical
replacement of the cutting element when worn
or in case of breakage. It also allowed the
manufacturing of cutting segment and the
tool bodies to be separated.

Depending on the shape of the inserts used, they
could be quickly indexed ensuring the rapid change
of a worn cutting corner by several methods, such
as rotating the insert on its axis or by flipping it
upside down. Initially the new cutting segments
were known by several names, such as throwaway
tips, interchangeable inserts and replaceable
inserts. However, today the more widespread,
generic term - indexable inserts - is used.

The technology used in the manufacturing
of the indexable inserts is based on powder
metallurgy, comprising of several manufacturing
processes. Progress in science and technology
has significantly impacted on the manufacturing
process of inserts. In the past, inserts were
produced by the use of manual machines. Hence,
the application of various complex powder
metallurgical processes was very difficult or even
impossible to perform.
The introduction of more progressive industrial
equipment, featuring advanced automation
and computer control, made the technological
processes more stable, controllable and reliable,
including:
• preparing carbide powder (mixing)
• pressing the powder (compacting)
• sintering compact
• post-sintering processing
• coating

Consequently, the mechanical properties of
manufactured inserts became more uniform,
predictable and repeatable; these factors
allowed dramatic improvements in terms of
the accuracy of sintered inserts by reducing
production tolerances. Today, a typical insert
production press is a highly engineered device
that is computer controlled. A moveable punch

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